A waste management business’s goal is to reduce the environmental impact of waste and find ways to turn waste into new resources, thus creating economic value.

Transforming Waste into Opportunities for Sustainable Living

In an era where environmental sustainability is no longer optional but essential, effective waste management has emerged as a cornerstone of ecological responsibility. This necessity is driving the evolution of the waste management industry, transforming it into a dynamic field brimming with innovative solutions and entrepreneurial vigor.

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Waste management transcends mere disposal; it’s about re-envisioning our approach to resources, prioritizing reduction, reuse, and recycling to forge a path toward a circular economy. In this context, pioneering waste management business ideas are gaining traction, blending economic potential with environmental stewardship.

This blog post spotlights ten such innovative business concepts, each targeting a unique aspect of waste management. From advanced recycling and organic composting to inventive waste-to-energy initiatives, these ideas embody the diverse opportunities within this sector. They’re not just business models; they represent a shift towards more sustainable, resource-efficient practices that benefit our planet and communities.

Let’s discover how these innovative business ventures are reshaping waste management.

1. Waste Recycling Facility

Business Model Overview

Operations: A recycling facility typically functions by gathering, categorizing, and handling recyclable materials, including plastic, metal, paper, and glass. The process involves several stages, from the initial collection (either through drop-off centers or pickup services) to the final sale of processed recyclables to manufacturers or other end-users.

• Revenue Streams: The primary revenue for recycling facilities comes from selling processed recyclable materials. Additional revenue can be generated through service charges for waste collection and processing, grants or subsidies for sustainable practices, and from offering consulting services for waste management.
• Customer Base: The customer base is diverse, including individual households (for residential recycling programs), businesses (for commercial waste), and government entities. Moreover, the facility may serve manufacturers looking for recycled materials as raw inputs.

Challenges and Solutions

Material Sorting Complexities

• Challenge: Efficiently sorting various materials is a major challenge, as contamination and incorrect sorting can reduce the quality and value of recycled products.
• Solution: Implementing advanced technologies like AI-driven sorting systems can enhance accuracy and efficiency. Investing in staff training to manage and operate these technologies is crucial.

Fluctuating Market Prices for Recycled Materials

• Challenge: The recycling industry is subject to market fluctuations, where the demand and price for certain materials can vary significantly, impacting revenue stability.
• Solution: Diversifying the range of processed recyclable materials can mitigate the risk of market fluctuations. Establishing long-term contracts with buyers can also provide more stable revenue streams.

Public Participation and Education

• Challenge: Ensuring high levels of participation in recycling programs and proper sorting by the public is challenging but essential for the efficiency of the recycling process.
• Solution: Launching education initiatives and awareness campaigns to inform the public about the importance of recycling and proper sorting techniques. Partnering with schools, community organizations, and local governments can amplify these efforts.

Environmental Regulations Compliance

• Challenge: Complying with environmental regulations can be complex, especially as standards and policies evolve.
• Solution: Regularly update knowledge and practices to comply with current environmental laws. Hiring or consulting with environmental law experts can be beneficial.

Innovation in Recycling

• Challenge: Staying competitive requires continuous innovation, especially finding new uses for recycled materials.

Solution: Investing in research and development to discover novel ways to repurpose recycled materials. Partnering with universities or research institutions can offer novel viewpoints and creative problem-solving.

2. E-Waste Management Business

Business Model Overview

• Operations: The e-waste management business model involves collecting, processing, and reselling or refurbishing electronic waste. It includes many products, from small gadgets like smartphones and laptops to larger appliances like refrigerators and televisions.
• Revenue Streams: The main source of income comes from selling refurbished electronics and recovered materials like copper, gold, and other precious metals extracted from e-waste. Additional revenue can be generated through collection fees, recycling service charges, and potentially selling data destruction services.
• Customer Base: Customers range from individual consumers and businesses disposing of outdated electronics to manufacturers and scrap dealers interested in purchasing refurbished items or raw materials.

Challenges and Solutions

Safe Handling of Hazardous Materials

• Challenge: E-waste contains hazardous substances like lead, mercury, and cadmium, which pose significant health and environmental risks if not handled properly.
• Solution: Investing in specialized equipment for the safe dismantling and processing of e-waste. Staff training and obtaining hazardous material handling certifications are crucial to maintaining safety standards.

Efficient Recovery of Valuable Components

• Challenge: Maximizing the recovery of valuable materials from e-waste requires precise and efficient processing techniques.
• Solution: Utilizing advanced technology for material recovery, such as spectrometry or chemical processing, to increase the yield and purity of extracted materials. Regularly upgrading technology and processes is vital to staying competitive.

Compliance with Environmental Regulations

• Challenge: Adhering to strict environmental regulations regarding e-waste disposal and recycling.
• Solution: Keeping abreast of national and international regulations and ensuring compliance through regular audits and updates to processing methods. It might also involve obtaining relevant certifications and licenses.

Market Fluctuations in Resale and Material Prices

• Challenge: The market for recycled materials and refurbished electronics can be volatile, impacting revenue predictability.
• Solution: Diversify the portfolio of recycled materials and refurbished products to spread risk. Building relationships with multiple buyers and exploring market segments can provide more stable income streams.

Public Awareness and Participation

• Challenge: Encouraging the public to properly dispose of e-waste rather than using regular waste channels.
• Solution: Conduct awareness campaigns and offer convenient e-waste drop-off points. Collaborating with electronic retailers and manufacturers for take-back programs can also increase collection rates.

3. Organic Waste Composting: Turning Scraps into Resources

Business Model Overview

• Operations: Organic waste composting involves collecting organic waste materials like food scraps, garden waste, and agricultural residues and transforming them into compost through natural processes. This model can be bifurcated into B2B (business-to-business) and B2C (business-to-consumer) segments.
• Revenue Streams: The primary source of income is the sale of finished compost, which can be marketed as a high-quality soil amendment for gardening, landscaping, and agriculture. Additional revenue can come from collection service fees (particularly in the B2B segment), consulting services for composting setup, and potentially selling composting bins or related products.
• Customer Base: In the B2B segment, customers include restaurants, cafeterias, and agricultural businesses that generate a significant amount of organic waste. The B2C segment targets individual households, community gardens, and small-scale farmers.

Challenges and Solutions

Logistical Complexities in Waste Collection

• Challenge: Efficiently collecting and transporting organic waste can be logistically challenging, especially when dealing with varying volumes and types of waste from multiple sources.
• Solution: Implementing localized collection strategies, like neighborhood-specific collection days, can streamline operations. Utilizing route optimization software can also improve efficiency in transportation and reduce costs.

Creating a Stable Market for Compost

• Challenge: Establishing a consistent and profitable market for compost, especially in areas where the demand might be seasonal or limited.
• Solution: Diversify the customer base by targeting market segments such as organic farmers, landscaping companies, and retail gardening stores. Developing high-quality, niche compost products for specific applications can create unique selling points.

Maintaining Quality and Consistency of Compost

• Challenge: Ensuring the compost produced is high quality and consistent is vital for customer satisfaction and marketability.
• Solution: Improve quality control measures, such as regular compost testing for nutrient content and contaminants. To reduce contamination, education and guidelines for waste providers (especially in B2B).

Partnerships with Agricultural Sectors

• Challenge: Building partnerships with the agricultural sector, which can be a significant market for compost products.
• Solution: Establishing connections with agricultural cooperatives, farmers’ markets, and organic farming associations. Offering trials and demonstrations to showcase the benefits of compost can help build trust and establish long-term relationships.

Community Engagement and Education

• Challenge: Encouraging community participation in organic waste segregation and composting efforts.
• Solution: Conduct community workshops, educational programs, and awareness campaigns about the benefits of composting and proper waste segregation. Collaborating with local governments and schools can amplify these efforts.

4. Green Construction Waste Management: Building Sustainability from the Ground Up

Business Model Overview

• Operations: This business model focuses on managing waste generated from construction sites by recycling and repurposing construction debris. The process involves collecting materials like concrete, wood, metal, and bricks and then sorting, processing, and transforming them into usable forms for new construction projects or other applications.
• Revenue Streams: The primary revenue source is selling recycled and repurposed materials to construction companies, landscapers, and manufacturers. Additional income can be generated through waste collection services, consulting fees for waste management planning on construction sites, and potential partnerships with eco-friendly building projects.
• Customer Base: The customer base comprises construction companies, contractors, and architects in residential and commercial construction projects. Moreover, a market with municipal governments for public infrastructure projects can exist.

Challenges and Solutions

Segregation of Reusable Materials

• Challenge: Effectively segregating reusable materials on construction sites can be complex, given the mixed nature of construction waste and varying site conditions.
• Solution: Provide on-site training on waste segregation practices for construction workers and site managers. Implementing waste segregation protocols right from the start of a construction project can greatly increase the efficiency and effectiveness of recycling efforts.

Lack of Awareness in the Construction Industry

• Challenge: There is often a lack of awareness or interest in sustainable waste management practices within the construction industry, which can hinder the adoption of green waste management practices.
• Solution: Engaging in active outreach and education within the industry. It could involve conducting workshops, participating in industry conferences, and showcasing successful case studies of green waste management in construction.

Collaboration with Green Building Initiatives

• Challenge: Forming effective collaborations with green building initiatives and eco-conscious construction projects, which can be a crucial market.
• Solution: Establishing partnerships with green building councils, sustainable construction firms, and environmental organizations. Participating in green certification programs can also raise the business’s profile.

Innovation in Recycling Techniques

• Challenge: Continuously innovating in recycling techniques to maximize the utility and value of recycled construction materials.
• Solution: Investing in research and development for advanced recycling technologies. Exploring innovative uses for recycled materials, such as crushed concrete in landscaping or reclaimed wood in furniture making.

Market Development for Recycled Materials

• Challenge: Developing a stable and growing market for recycled construction materials.

Solution: Marketing efforts to highlight the quality, environmental benefits, and potential cost savings of using recycled materials. Establishing a robust supply chain by cultivating strong connections with suppliers and buyers.

5. Industrial Waste Treatment

Business Model Overview

• Operations: This business model offers customized waste treatment solutions to various industries, catering to their specific waste disposal needs. The services include handling, treating, and disposing of industrial waste, ranging from non-hazardous materials to hazardous and toxic by-products.
• Revenue Streams: The main revenue comes from service fees charged to industrial clients for waste treatment and disposal. It can be complemented by income from recycling and repurposing certain types of waste, consulting services for waste management optimization, and potentially selling treated waste as raw materials or energy sources.
• Customer Base: The customer base is diverse and includes manufacturing facilities, chemical plants, pharmaceutical companies, and other industrial entities that generate significant quantities of waste.

Challenges and Solutions

Handling Hazardous Materials

• Challenge: Safely and effectively handling hazardous industrial waste is a major challenge, considering the potential risks to health and the environment.
• Solution: Investing in advanced treatment technologies specifically designed for hazardous materials. Maintaining rigorous compliance with safety protocols and delivering specialized training to personnel for managing hazardous waste.

Customized Waste Treatment Solutions

• Challenge: Developing and implementing waste treatment solutions tailored to different industries needs.
• Solution: Conducting thorough assessments of clients’ waste streams to understand their requirements. Developing a range of versatile and adaptable treatment options to cater to diverse industrial needs.

Technological Innovation and Efficiency

• Challenge: Keeping up with technological advancements to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of waste treatment processes.
• Solution: Investing in research and development to integrate the latest technologies into waste treatment practices. Exploring innovative solutions like bioremediation, thermal treatment, or chemical recycling.

Sustainable and Eco-friendly Practices

• Challenge: Balancing industrial waste treatment with sustainability goals, minimizing environmental impact while maintaining operational efficiency.
• Solution: Implement eco-friendly treatment methods and strive for a circular economy approach, where waste is disposed of and repurposed into valuable resources. Collaborating with environmental agencies and adopting green certifications can enhance the business’s sustainability profile.

6. Upcycling Business: Crafting Value from Waste

Business Model Overview

• Operations: The upcycling business model creatively transforms waste materials or discarded items into high-quality, value-added products. This process involves redesigning, repurposing, and reworking materials like fabric, plastic, wood, metal, and glass into new, functional products ranging from home décor to fashion accessories.
• Revenue Streams: Income is generated primarily through the sale of upcycled products. It can be supplemented by conducting workshops or classes on upcycling techniques, offering customization services, and collaborating with other businesses for product development.
• Customer Base: The target market includes environmentally conscious consumers, individuals seeking unique and artisanal products, interior designers, and businesses looking for sustainable corporate gifts or decor.

Challenges and Solutions

Consumer Acceptance

• Challenge: Overcoming potential skepticism or reluctance from consumers who may have preconceived notions about the quality and appeal of products made from waste materials.
• Solution: Focusing on high-quality, aesthetically pleasing design to change perceptions about upcycled products. Engaging in marketing campaigns that tell the story behind each product, emphasizing the uniqueness and environmental impact.

Scalability of the Business

• Challenge: Scaling an upcycling business can be challenging due to the unique nature of the products and potential limitations in sourcing materials.
• Solution: Building a network for consistent material supply, possibly through partnerships with waste management companies or local businesses. Streamlining production processes and exploring online platforms for broader market reach can aid in scaling the business.

Market Research and Targeting

• Challenge: Identifying and effectively targeting the right market segments for upcycled products.
• Solution: Conducting thorough market research to understand consumer preferences and trends. Tailoring products and marketing strategies to appeal to specific demographics or interest groups.

Niche Marketing Strategies

• Challenge: Standing out in a market that is becoming increasingly crowded with sustainable and artisanal products.
• Solution: Develop niche marketing strategies that focus on the unique aspects of the business. Leveraging social media and digital marketing to build a brand presence and connect with target audiences. Collaborating with influencers and brands aligning with sustainability values can enhance visibility.

Community Engagement and Education

• Challenge: Building a community around the brand and educating the public about the benefits of upcycling.

Solution: Hosting workshops, participating in community events, and using social media to educate about upcycling. Partnering with schools, environmental groups, and nearby communities can cultivate a deeper rapport with your audience.

7. Waste Collection and Segregation Services

Business Model Overview

• Operations: This model provides residential and commercial clients with comprehensive waste collection and segregation services. The process involves collecting mixed waste, followed by segregation into recyclable, organic, and non-recyclable categories, either at the source or at dedicated facilities.
• Revenue Streams: Primary revenue is generated through service fees charged to clients for waste collection and processing. Additional income can come from selling segregated recyclable materials, partnering with recycling facilities, and potentially offering consultation services for waste management.
• Customer Base: The customer base includes residential neighborhoods, business complexes, municipal corporations, and institutions like schools and hospitals that generate a considerable amount of waste.

Challenges and Solutions

Efficient Collection Routes

• Challenge: Optimizing waste collection routes for efficiency and cost-effectiveness, especially in densely populated or geographically diverse areas.

Solution: Using advanced technologies such as GPS and route optimization software to strategize the most streamlined routes. Regularly analyze and adjust routes based on data to improve service and reduce operational costs.

Public Participation in Segregation

• Challenge: Encouraging the public to participate actively in waste segregation is crucial for the efficiency of the recycling process.
• Solution: Implementing community education programs to raise awareness about the importance of waste segregation. Initiatives can include informational campaigns, workshops, and incentivizing participation through rewards or recognition programs.

Compliance with Environmental Regulations

• Challenge: Adhering to and staying updated with local and national environmental waste collection and disposal regulations.
• Solution: Regular training for staff on regulatory compliance and environmental safety. I keep abreast of legislative changes and adapt business practices to maintain compliance.

Partnerships with Recycling Facilities and Organizations

• Challenge: Establishing and maintaining productive partnerships with recycling facilities and environmental organizations.
• Solution: Building a network of partnerships with local recyclers, NGOs, and community groups to enhance the efficiency of the waste management process. Collaborating for joint initiatives can also amplify the impact and reach of the service.

Scaling and Diversifying Services

• Challenge: Scaling the business to handle larger volumes of waste and diversifying services to cater to different waste management needs.
• Solution: Gradually expand operations to new areas and explore additional services such as hazardous waste collection, electronic waste recycling, or composting organic waste. Diversification can help in tapping into new markets and increasing revenue streams.

8. Biomedical Waste Disposal: Ensuring Safety in Healthcare Waste Management

Business Model Overview

Operations: This model offers specialized services for managing, processing, and disposing of biomedical waste. It includes any waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials, such as sharps, laboratory waste, and discarded medical supplies and equipment.

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• Revenue Streams: The major source of revenue comes from service fees charged to healthcare facilities for waste disposal. Additional income can be generated through consulting services for waste management and compliance and potentially recycling non-infectious medical waste.
• Customer Base: Customers mainly comprise hospitals, clinics, laboratories, dental practices, and other healthcare facilities. There’s also potential in serving research institutions and pharmaceutical companies.

Challenges and Solutions

Strict Regulatory Requirements

• Challenge: Biomedical waste disposal is heavily regulated to ensure public health and environmental safety. Staying compliant with these regulations is essential but can be complex.
• Solution: Regularly updating knowledge and practices to comply with health and environmental regulations. Employing a compliance officer or team dedicated to understanding and implementing these regulations can be beneficial.

Safety Concerns in Handling Biomedical Waste

• Challenge: Ensuring the safe handling of potentially hazardous biomedical waste to prevent the spread of infections and protect workers.
• Solution: Invest in specialized equipment for the safe collection, transportation, and biomedical waste treatment. Providing comprehensive training to staff on safety procedures and using personal protective equipment (PPE).

Collaboration with Healthcare Facilities

• Challenge: Establishing and maintaining strong relationships with healthcare facilities, which are the primary generators of biomedical waste.
• Solution: Offering tailored waste disposal solutions that meet the specific needs of different healthcare facilities. Collaborating closely with these facilities ensures their waste management protocols align with regulatory and safety standards.

Technological Advancements in Waste Treatment

• Challenge: Keeping up with technological advancements in waste treatment methods to improve efficiency and safety.
• Solution: Invest in state-of-the-art treatments such as autoclaving, incineration, or chemical disinfection. Regularly upgrading equipment and processes to stay at the forefront of industry standards.

Environmental Impact and Sustainability

• Challenge: Managing the environmental impact of disposing of large volumes of biomedical waste.
• Solution: Exploring environmentally friendly waste treatment and disposal methods. Implementing waste reduction initiatives and recycling programs where possible, such as for non-infectious materials.

9. Environmental Consultancy: Guiding Businesses Towards Sustainability

Business Model Overview

Operations: Environmental consultancy firms provide expert advice and solutions on sustainable waste management practices. They evaluate clients’ existing waste management systems, pinpoint opportunities for enhancement, and formulate plans to promote greater efficiency and eco-friendly operations.

• Revenue Streams: Income is primarily derived from consulting fees charged to clients for advisory services. It can include project-based fees for specific waste management initiatives, retainer fees for ongoing consultancy, and fees for conducting environmental impact assessments or audits.
• Customer Base: The client base is diverse, encompassing manufacturing companies, corporate businesses, government agencies, and sometimes even small businesses looking to adopt sustainable practices.

Challenges and Solutions

Staying Updated with Environmental Regulations

• Challenge: Staying current with the ever-changing environmental laws and regulations is essential for offering precise and pertinent guidance.
• Solution: Engage in ongoing professional growth by actively participating in seminars, staying updated with industry publications, and immersing yourself in pertinent workshops and conferences. Employing or collaborating with legal experts in environmental law can also be beneficial.

Broad Expertise Requirement

• Challenge: The field of environmental consultancy requires a broad range of expertise, from understanding technical aspects of waste management to grasping the nuances of environmental policy.
• Solution: Building a diverse team with environmental science and waste management expertise. Encouraging continuous learning and cross-training among team members to broaden their skill sets.

Network Building with Various Industries

• Challenge: Establishing a broad network in various industries to understand waste management needs and challenges.
• Solution: Actively network through industry events, conferences, and professional associations and develop case studies and success stories to showcase expertise and build credibility in different sectors.

Tailoring Solutions for Diverse Clients

• Challenge: Providing customized solutions catering to client’s needs and constraints.
• Solution: Conducting thorough initial assessments and regular follow-ups with clients to know their unique challenges and goals. Offering flexible and adaptable strategies that can be modified per the client’s evolving needs.

Technology Integration in Environmental Practices

• Challenge: Keeping up with technological advancements that can enhance waste management and sustainability practices.
• Solution: Investing in and utilizing software and tools for environmental monitoring, data analysis, and project management. Staying informed about emerging technologies in waste management and sustainability.

10. Waste to Energy Projects: Transforming Waste into Power

Business Model Overview

• Operations: Utilizing waste materials to generate various forms of energy, including electricity, heat, and fuel. The processes can include incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and pyrolysis. The primary focus is on utilizing municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and biomass as feedstock for energy production.
• Revenue Streams: The main source of income comes from selling the energy produced (electricity or heat) to utility companies or directly to consumers. Other revenue streams include tipping fees for accepting waste, government incentives for renewable energy production, and potentially selling by-products of the energy conversion process like biochar or ash for industrial use.
• Customer Base: The customers range from municipal governments looking for waste management solutions to energy companies and industries requiring renewable energy sources.

Challenges and Solutions

High Initial Investment

• Challenge: Setting up waste-to-energy facilities requires significant capital investment due to technology, infrastructure, and regulatory compliance costs.
• Solution: Exploring financing options such as government subsidies, grants for renewable energy projects, and partnerships with investors or companies in the energy sector. Phased investment plans can also help in managing financial risks.

Environmental Impact Considerations

• Challenge: Balancing the energy production goal with the need to minimize environmental impact, especially in emissions and waste by-products.
• Solution: Invest in developing low-impact technologies that reduce emissions and increase efficiency. Regular environmental impact assessments and adopting best practices in environmental management can help mitigate negative impacts.

Regulatory Compliance and Permitting

• Challenge: Navigating complex regulatory requirements and obtaining necessary permits for waste-to-energy projects.
• Solution: Engaging with regulatory bodies early in the project development process. Employing or consulting with environmental law and regulation experts to ensure full compliance with all legal requirements.

Community Engagement and Public Perception

• Challenge: Addressing public concerns and misconceptions about waste-to-energy facilities, particularly regarding pollution and health risks.
• Solution: Implementing transparent and proactive community engagement strategies. Educating the public about waste-to-energy benefits, such as reducing landfill usage and generating renewable energy, can help build community support.

Technological Advancements and Efficiency

• Challenge: Keeping pace with technological advancements to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of waste-to-energy conversion.
• Solution: Staying abreast of emerging technologies and considering partnerships with research institutions for technological innovation. Regularly upgrading facilities and processes to incorporate the latest technologies can improve operational efficiency and output.

Conclusion: Waste Management Business

Exploring these ten waste management business models unveils rich opportunities for innovation and the potential for significant environmental impact. From recycling facilities and e-waste management to upcycling ventures and waste-to-energy projects, each model presents its unique challenges and solutions, underlining the complexity and dynamism of the waste management sector.

These business ideas are not just economically viable; they are imperative in our journey towards sustainability. Addressing global environmental challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation, these waste management strategies present a route to alleviate these concerns while promoting economic growth and community development.

Key takeaways include staying adaptable and informed as regulatory requirements and technological advancements continuously evolve. The necessity of community involvement and education across various models emphasizes that effective waste management is a collective effort. Moreover, the potential for collaboration across industries, governments, and communities highlights that solutions to waste challenges are often interconnected and multifaceted.

Ultimately, these waste management business ideas showcase the potential for a circular economy, where waste is not seen as an endpoint but as a resource for new beginnings. Through adopting innovation, a focus on sustainability, and a dedication to ongoing enhancement, companies in the waste management industry can prosper and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future.

Reading Resources: Waste Management Business

To deepen your understanding of waste management and explore innovative business models in this field, the following books and articles are highly recommended:

Books

“The Waste Makers” by Vance Packard. A classic that explores the impact of consumer culture on waste production, offering insights into the origins of modern waste management challenges.

“Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things” by William McDonough & Michael Braungart. This book introduces the concept of a circular economy and emphasizes designing products and systems with minimal waste and maximum sustainability.

“Garbology: Our Dirty Love Affair with Trash” by Edward Humes. Humes provides a comprehensive look at America’s enormous production of waste, exploring both the challenges and innovative solutions in waste management.

“Waste to Wealth: The Circular Economy Advantage” by Peter Lacy & Jakob Rutqvist. This book discusses how businesses can turn waste into wealth through a circular economy model, providing real-world examples and strategies.

“The Upcycle: Beyond Sustainability – Designing for Abundance” by William McDonough & Michael Braungart. A follow-up to “Cradle to Cradle,” focusing on how we can reimagine the use of resources to create a world of abundance and eliminate the concept of waste.

Articles

Waste management

Rethinking sustainability: Questioning old perspectives and developing new ones

The future of waste management in smart and sustainable cities: A review and concept paper

Circular business models: A review

Disrupting the Waste Management Industry with Technology

The Circular Business Model